On February 15th, the case of an American woman who recovered from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was revealed: this is the third case in the world but the first woman to be cured. When the patient was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia in 2017, she had a cord blood stem cell transplant from a donor innately resistant to HIV. Even after stopping her drug treatment for HIV after the transplant, the virus was not detected for more than 14 months. This case was discovered through clinical research to treat HIV patients’ serious diseases. The researchers transplanted stem cells from donors with mutations without HIV receptors, which became an important factor in treatment. Since cord blood is more accessible than adult stem cells used in previous HIV cures and does not require a high concordance rate between donors and conferrers, it is expected to help HIV treatment. Nevertheless, there is also a critical opinion: as this transplant was not mainly for HIV treatment, the critics argued that it is difficult to apply this treatment to all HIV patients. However, Sharon Lewin, the Presidentelectof the International AIDS (Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) Society (IAS), responded positively to this achievement, saying, “This case made it much clearer that an HIV cure is possible and emphasized that it is worth trying gene treatment for HIV.”